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Group Editing techniques

Continuity editing is when you maintain continuous narrative in a sequence in order to make the sequence more realistic and therefore more entertaining. It is used to manipulate the audience to thinking that this is all happening in real time when in actual fact it is done over a period of a long time. Continuity is broken if something in the shot changes mid-way through the scene which would give away that it is not real. For example, if someone if drinking a drink and then the drink suddenly shrinks then continuity is broken.

A variety of coverage shots must be used but they must be edited smoothly through time. For example, if someone walks out a door and another clip shows those reacting that moment from a different shot type then continuity is broken. This was a problem Porter faced when editing. In one of his movies, 'The life of an American Fireman,' he showed firemen sliding down a pole. It then switched to another shot of the pole outside but the played the exact same clip. The 180 degree rule must always be kept in order to keep continuity. This is when you draw an imaginary line at the 180 degree axis which you cannot cross with a camera. This will help avoid any geography issues and ensure the whole scene looks real. For example, if one person is running on screen down a hill and the camera passes the axis, then the same person will look as if they are running up the same hill.

Griffith was the first film maker to discover and use continuity in his films. He discovered it through the method of trial and error. He also discovered many other techniques such as the 180 degree rule. The establishing shot, reverse shots, matching eye line and cutting on action which all feature apart of continuity.

Rhythmic Editing

Rhythmic editing is when you edit both the pace of your scene and the pace of you sound track in order to match what it happening. For example, if something exiting is happening then the scenes can be editing together at a fast pace and fast paced music can be played. This helps to raise the audience’s excitement when it comes to this point. Similarly, if something is being revealed, a slow pace can be used to create suspense. For example, when a character hears something and goes to reveal what it is a slow paced editing and music can be used to raise tension in the audience as they wait for whatever it is to be revealed. It can also be used for certain genres. For example, if something is a comedy, they can use a slow pace in order to create a humorous effect.

Cross Cutting

Cross cutting also known as parallel editing, is cutting between two different scenes that are happening at the same time. This technique was created and developed by D.W. Griffith. Cross-Cutting was first used in D.W Griffith's film "After many years" in 1908. The clip below shows an example of cross-cutting being used. The clip is from the film Quantum of Solace. In the scene, A man is being interrogated, the camera then cuts to another scene to show that somebody is approaching in a car. The purpose of Cross-Cutting is to show two important/relevant events in the story that are happening at the same time. Using Cross-Cutting makes the story of a film more interesting for audience. It also allows the audience to be introduced to new characters of the story. Cross cutting manipulates time and space as it allows us to see two different events simultaneously happening at the exactly same time. Though these shots were shot at different times, it has been edited to make viewers think they are actually happening at the same time which really helps in story telling as it also engage the viewers and they do not need to use their brains to work out what is going on so its defiantly a mainstream way of editing it aloes uses different combinations of different shots to make the story more interesting 

180 Degree Rule

This an imaginary line that goes between two characters which the camera or set of cameras must not cross. Its a mainstream type of editing as it allows and keeps continuity. It uses different combination of shots such as shot reverse shot and over the shoulder shot to show conversation between two characters it also engages the viewer by letting them know who a character is talking to or talking about, the main purpose of the 180 degree rule is to keep one character on a particular and another
character on the other side of the screen the rule also follows the action as it happens.

Shot reverse shot

Shot Reverse shot is, involves two characters having a conversation. You would have one character looking at the other, then we would have a reverse shot from that characters point of view. This is also known as continuity editing. The purpose of using short reverse shot to see character face whilst talking instead focusing on one character when talking, by this you can see their emotions when talking and makes more interesting. It engages the viewers making them more entertained and telling them what is actually going on.

Jump Cuts

Jump cuts play a huge part in the editing we do today and it was discovered by accident George Melies was filming a bus but since he is only able to record 10 minutes of footage he had to just keep filming but his camera jammed and the bus was now a car as he fixed it. But as Melies was a live performer he used this to his advantage and then used the jump cut as somewhat of an allusion this made the audience very entertained as they have not yet seen film in this sort of manner from this point forward all over film pioneers used the jump cut for the sort of realistic events as we see in modern films today.

Metric Cutting

Metric editing also known as editing to the beat is a form of montage editing created by the soviets. It is a technique that often follows the beat in music videos or sets a pace for films.

Eyeline Matching

An eye-line match is simply an editing technique which falls under continuity editing. It involves one shot of the character's gaze and the next shot has to be the object the character is looking at. This technique was discovered by D.W Griffiths who is the 'father' of continuity editing.



Transitions

Transition cuts are used when we film a shot or a scene we use transitions to cut out and cut in different transitions such as cut in and cut out. The way in which these were gradually developed was from George Melies as in his films he used jump cuts and transitions to create a sense of atmosphere or the viewers. there are also shot dissolves for example in the film psycho which was directed by Hitchcock in the shower scene were we see the victim get ruthlessly murdered we see the plug hole and it uses a dissolve transition and cuts to her eye. This shows us she's dying as the plug hole shows darkness.



Cutaway
cutaway shot is a shot that abruptly introduces content and scenery away from the central action. The most widely recognized utilization of cutaway shots in emotional movies is to alter the pace of the principle activity, to cover the cancellation of some undesirable piece of the primary shot, or to permit the joining of parts of two forms of that shot. For instance, a scene may be enhanced by removing a couple casings of an on-screen character's interruption; a brief perspective of an audience can hide the break. Pioneers like Porter was responsible for introducing cutaways which doesn’t break continuity.



Motivated Cut

Motivated cuts or also known as Motivated editing is when a scene in the film cuts to an another scene that was not in the frame at previous scenes of films but this is done quickly for the audience because they could think that the use of continuity editing has been broken. This is usually used in narrative terms in movies for example: flashbacks where this technique is used to create tension of what is going to happen next in the film but the pioneer that came up with this technique was again D.W Griffith as he was discovering other techniques which are associated with Continuity editing. Also the purpose of this technique is to show what happening in the next scene that was not in the frame in the previous scene of a movie.

Timeline

Camera Techniques pioneers

Transitions

Transition cuts are used when we film a shot or a scene we use transitions to cut out and cut in different transitions such as cut in and cut out. The was in which these were gradually developed was from George Melies as in his films he used jump cuts and transitions to create a sense of atmosphere or the viewers. there are also shot dissolves for example in the film psycho which was directed by Hitchcock in the shower scene were we see the victim get ruthlessly murdered we see the plug hole and it uses a dissolve transition and cuts to her eye. this shows us she's dying as the plug hole shows darkness.  So the transition technique was used mainly by Alfred Hitchcock were he used two transition types in his film Psycho.

Jump cuts

Jump cuts play a huge part in the editing we do today and it was discovered by accident George Melies was filming a bus but since he is only able to record 10 minuets of footage he had to just keep filming but his camera jammed and the bus was now a car as he fixed it. But as Melies was a live performer he used this to his advantage and then used the jump cut as some what of an allusion this made the audience very entertained as they have not yet seen film in this sort of manner from this point forward all over film pioneers used the jump cut for the sort of realistic events as we see in modern films today.

In the video above was a film by George Melies called the haunted castle in this sequence we see a large number of jump cuts as we see the bat turning into the man this suggested to the people that this was a sort of magic trick and this weren't the only bit the skeleton appears in front of the man with the sword this is clear evidence of a jump cut that is being used.

3 short films analysis 

The smiling Man 

I researched a film called the smiling man in this film we see it is set at 2am the character is walking in the dark motionless streets. We see a very bizarre man who is intimidating the character we see walking home. He makes very strange movements towards him as he takes very strange steps towards him. 

In this scene we are able to gather that this man has seen something very eerie or is looking at something very creepy and disturbing this is why close ups are effective in thrillers from this we can gather that he is tense or frozen from what he is looking at the reason for this being is his facial expression shows us that he is very scared and looks frightened.

Here we see a long shot of a very strange crouched man this could mean that he is watching something from a distance this has been used to show he is a freak as they have placed him far away from the man looking this is what makes the character it also distances him because he doesn't belong and he looks like he is ready to attack someone.

In this mid shot we are able to see what the character looks like and his clothing scheme this looks very creepy and we see he is trying to intimidate the young man who is walking home this has a strong use of low key lighting as the background behind him is all blurred out. this shows the man is all alone and this means he is in serious trouble.


The lighting which is used is very effective as it is set in the complete darkness of 2am. the street lights help to show the characters in very clear visibility. This is also very effective because this way we are able to see the whole characters appearance and it also adds to the dark grainy atmosphere. As this a thriller the idea that it is 2 am helps camera lighting as well as it picks up the street lights very clearly. and the characters. The lighting which is used in this sequence is Low Key Lighting as its dark.

 Here we can see a shot were we are able to see the lighting of the characters surrounding. the color is very dark which makes us feel that something very awful might take place or something very creepy but the lighting in this short film plays a massive part in its role as the atmosphere is the second most important form for suspense and tension.

Camera angles: in the film we move on to see a variety of different camera angles this includes long shots, mid shots, extreme close ups and close we see a long shot of the smiling Man this distances us to add a sense of mystery as to who this intriguing and creepy Man is, it also makes a chill go down your spine as it is weird as to why this character is here. we also see some mid shots. We see a mid shot of the main character as he slows his movements we can see from his facial expressions that he is looking something eerie. In this short film analysis the lighting is dark as you are able to tell but the reason for this being is because something dark is about to take place. such as the smiling man the dark color is used to show evil.

In this image we see see an extreme close up this shows that he is either scared for his life as when we see his facial expression shows off lots of fear. He also might be incredibly scared as in this scene we also see the lighting is completely blurred this has a use of depth of field as focuses on the characters facial expressions to show that he is scared as someone very strange is following him around.

In this very scary image we see the smiling man staring down at his victim this shows he is clearly crazy as the facial expression he is putting on is very happy he looks like he wants to kill someone this is effective in thrillers as it creates strong senses of suspense. We also see another use of depth of field as we can see and focus on the characters face and see he is insane.  

Here we see him looking from a distance at something we also see the whole character, from his facial expression he looks quite weird as he can see something very unusual looking at him. This adds a very strong effect as we can gather from his reaction that he is looking at something very strange and peculiar. This could be either good or bad but likely to be bad


in the shot on the left we see a high angle long shot this shows that this character is in some dominant to the young man we see at the start of the short film. We can infer from this that the man is mentally unstable therefore could attack the man we see at the start of the short film this distances him from the young man but it gives off a really eerie feeling as he is not that for away he is also quite hard to make out.

This single thriller shows and outlines all of the topics which make it a thriller in this film we know they use low key lighting for the dark grainy affects of a thriller.

The activities within in thriller also suggest it as it shows the smiling man making the very bizarre movements we see in the clips this would suggest to us that it is a thriller it is also one character and the smiling man therefore making it a single stranded production. where as if we were to put are selves in his shoes we would know the full horror of his situation but we also hear non-diagetic sound which means we are able to hear sound the main character cannot hear this shows us whatever is following him is close and it isn't good as the sounds are very dark. which would explain more to us that the short film is a thriller.  

here is one of the images of the smiling man you can see from the lighting we are able to see the whole character in low key lighting making the viewers who are watching feel more fear as they are able to see the character in full also we see the body language he portrays to the audience who are viewing it this has conventions of horror but we know it is a thriller as horror shows off elements of blood, gore and the helplessness of people this thriller is very close to a horror as it shows of some of the conventions we see in horror films such as chases and people getting caught.

In this shot we see the deranged smiling man pick up pace and start sprinting towards the young man. This creates suspense as the man is now being chased by this deranged man this creates effective as this is a thriller it has gone from stalking to an all out chase this is frighting as if you were in the shoes of the pursued.

In this scene we see his reaction to this very strange man who is now chasing him this makes the atmosphere amp up with tension we can see that this close up makes his reaction clear to us that he is shocked and frightened because of this horrifying smiling man this makes the situation even more problematic as there are no witnesses and its 2am.

In this high angle camera we see this crazy man stare down this young man this shows off dominance as he looks bigger and also looks very very threatening. We also cant see his whole face this creates mystery as to who this insane person is and why they are being incredibly creepy this draws the audience in as it creates a form of motion that will kick off

Porcelain Rising

in the short film porcelain rising it is clearly a horror as it uses lots of aspects that you would see in a horror film. it is a single stranded production as the main character is just the little girl but it shows of horror conventions mainly due to lighting as you are able to tell in the film there is thunder and lightning this shows of a very strange and creepy atmosphere.
the main protagonist is a doll which seem innocent but the one in the film porcelain rising looks very sinister and scary. which makes it jump out in your face.

here you are able to see a shot of the lighting. you also get to see the doll they use close ups and mid shots to show the characters. and here we are able to see a close up of the doll as we see her head and her shoulders. these close ups are very effective when they are used in horror films as it shows suspense and it draws your attention to it. this has similar aspects to the smiling man except this is horror not thriller.


Here is another close up of the doll as we can see the facial expressions change as the doll is put in the cupboard. here is a clear example of low key lighting. as the doll is clouded in shadow. Lighting is more effective in horrors as it build up to the point were we see the doll. its also unsettling


this relays on sound to give it its ghoulish atmosphere this is because it is horror and uses elements of sound for its effects you mainly hear light music at the start of the video but it pulls off and gets heavier when we see the doll this helps build up to the moment were something bad is about to take place and at the end of the video we see the doll stab the small girl get stabbed by the hostile doll this is why sound is very important as it builds the atmosphere in the series.

Sound is very impact in moving image especially sounds we have lots of sounds used in this horror flick to diegetic to non diegetic these diegetic sounds are breathing, talking, water dripping thunder and lightning, giggling and shuffling. these sound are what make the piece realistic and it also adds to the sense of realism. but there is also sounds which the characters cannot hear


in the piece we are able to hear this dark music playing at the start but it is also very creepy and this grabs your attention this is what makes horror film these sounds are hear to let you know that something bad is about to happen. in the short film the way they used camera angles was interesting they used lots of mid shots and close ups to add fear to the experience this is what made the film even more creepy as it doesn't like to distance you from the horror but pull you in from this we can infer that there is no where to run therefore making the chances more scary for the girl and the audience.  


in the horror sequence porcelain rising camera angles are very important as this is a horror it flicks between shots quite slowly this is so it can build on its very grisly atmosphere also to help it low key lighting. they use the 180 degree rule effectively as in this short horror flick we are able to a realistic capture from above this then makes it easier for the viewer to understand the tension and drama.

In this short film they also use high angles and low angles this to show dominance and the fact of insignificance. this is a very strong super factor in horrors as it tries show power and evil over the people who are getting tormented by whatever is trying to kill them. The lightning in this horror sequence is also very effective as this reflects on what is happening in the house.

in the shots we are able to see the area in which the girl is in and it looks very strange and unusual for a bedroom this infers to us that the is something evil in this horror sequence as the sounds heard in this horror are very eerie the sounds which the doll makes as well are very satanic and this is what builds on the effect of the horror as it shows she is helpless to defend herself.
When we see the footage of the Film Porcelain rising we see very strong elements very related to scenes as in one scene she crawls under the bed as she is frightened that something is trying to find her. This build suspense and tension as the slow atmosphere starts getting faster and faster until she is caught then the speed has progressed.

In the Horror it is really good at showing off the elements of helplessness as in the scene to the left she is tied up this shows that she has no were to and that she probably faces almost certain death. this is scary and shows us the fact that just using a creepy atmosphere reflects on the events that can take place in the horror.

In the horror there is also clear indications of struggle this is when the close ups used in this horror are very effective as it becomes very evident that the girl is not able to be helped either this shows us that the father is trying his best to save his daughter. but its hard as the door is locked and he is trying everything in his power to open the door.

Here is a mid shot of the doll getting ready to stab the girl from this we know that there are also references to a slasher were in a slasher it exposes the victims to serious struggle and we can see the doll does not have a shadow this makes it all the more scary and the mid shot has been used very effectively as we are able to see the whole arm and not just the hand and knife.


In this very creepy scene we see the girl that has the dolls face but it is covered in blood this shows to us that low key lighting brings out the characters background and we can see that the background is pitch black this makes all the more unsettling as it shows to us the character we see is pure evil and will stop at nothing to kill this a strong horror factor and this mid shot shows us the entire character not just the face so we can see its grisly appearance. In the picture with dad it is clearly a mid shot but we can see his body language is very tense and worried as he is slouched on his side we also see his facial expression and can understand he is very shocked and angry that his daughter has been killed by the killer doll. Like most horrors this relays on the effect that the girl is completely helpless therefore she ended up dying in the end.  


Charlie: 

in this short film which is based off of a horror this features a strange home invader called charlie this threatens the life of a young living in his home and facing a horror like no other. this is a linear production as it simply follows through beginning middle end and dosent use jump cuts or flashbacks. In the footage camera angles are used very effectively like the uses of high angles and low angles camera shots are also used very well. Such as close ups and mid shots.  

In this shot it is clear to us that it is a over the shoulder camera angle and they have implemented the 180 degree correctly using these camera angles and shots help us to understand what the characters are discussing we are also able to create a realistic feature of talking and it seems legit. We are also able to see character face expressions clearly.

In this shot it is clearly a close up from just looking at the torch and his facial expression from just looking we know he is scared as there is something in the house with him this creates mystery as we do not yet know what he is hearing or seeing. low key lighting also adds effect to the horror element in this short film this draws the audience towards it as somethings about to happen.

In this frighting shot we see the antagonist causing the problems they have used this effectively as it is a mid shot we get a new sense of fear now that we can see the character causing the issues this creates suspense. As the character is revealing itself to the audience and it in some ways creates wounder as you have no idea what the character will do next.

In this short film we lots of ways they have used editing to there advantage. as we can see the lighting is used really well as we are able to make out this characters horrid facial expression. The dark is also very tense as we cannot see were the killer is.

In this shot is used at 180 degree angle this way we also see the guitar. this shows us a calm environment as we hear the guitar and the lighting is also very bright. From this we can assume that since the atmosphere seems at peace there might be something just as equally bad that might try to harm this man. this leaves us with a sense of mystery.
  

Farmats and Narative analysis

When we look at different genre of film we see that in each one they use, use different narratives this can have different effects on the viewer this also applies with TV serials and TV series. Say for example a thriller would use very dark themes to show off what is going to happen it also makes you feel different emotions as the viewers are griped on what's taking place.

SCT: Thriller  Sicario



in this film it features drugs and it is clearly a thriller they use different shots throughout the sequence. such as close ups they don't use these because they are in a car and there in a cramped space but to show the tension between the American services and the drug dealers. the reason the director has used close ups is because it makes the characters look very suspenseful and also worried if some of them might die they use mid shots as well. in this sequence they use mid shots is by showing them walking towards the drug dealer characters.

this shows off there body language as well telling us they are tense and look like they are ready to kill people this is a mind set that it puts you in as you can see them griping there weapon. this also shows they are scared and they are fighting for there lives.

Thrillers are not the only movie elements that make a very intense atmosphere but there are also other genres that do this such as horrors, horrors do this very effectively as they show off a horrifying atmosphere to the viewers but they can add moments of suspense and this makes it very effective because the same rules can apply with dramas and horror sci-fi such as The Thing or Alien.

Horror Alien: in this horror sci- fi flick we see a mindless monster attack the unsuspecting crew after arriving on planet which they received a strange, bizarre transmission from exploring an old alien shipwreck they brought back the horror of there lives. in this scene sequence they have a very grainy atmosphere as Dallas is in the vent the alien is pursuing him they tend to use a variety of shots such as close ups and mid shots. close were used very effectively as they showed the characters talking to Dallas it also shows the fear they are in as he is taken into the vent. this also makes it seem even more horrifying as when Dallas is taken the sound chops out and everything is silent.





in the film sicario it features a F.B.I task force assigned with the task to stop a Mexican drug group but the actor Emily blunt finds herself way out of her league in this thriller. this primarily features suspenseful atmospheres as the characters show signs of fear when dealing with odds that they cannot control. the film is linear as it follows through beginning middle end without introducing any new characters and also ends the format is a film thriller. The reason it is a film is it makes it easier to convey emotions to the viewer.

Alien is laid out in the same way as sicario it is a film but this time it is non-linear as the film dosent just end with the first film but continues to aliens which is a more action packed horror. It also introduces more characters into the series such as hicks who is a marine in aliens but films don't just do this but series and serials do this as well. Breaking Bad would be a good example of a serial

this multi stranded production feature a chemistry teacher trying to overcome his cancer and securing his kids a proper future but he ends up getting muddled in the meth trade this serial features through beginning, middle and end were he is killed. the series features some new characters but the series is primarily based off of the main characters through the serial.



Series are different to serials in a number of different ways firstly they introduce new characters to the series. In Dare Devil they do this as it is a series it shows new villains. it dosent end with the death of the character either it is a continues cycle there is no beginning to end or it dosent end with the characters death.


in this the narrative it is a multi stranded production featuring a crime fighting lawyer his best friend and there associate this is why it is a multi stranded production. this is a hero series which shows us each season it features a new villain. it is a single drama production same as breaking bad as it shows elements of drama between the characters.

commentary

Single Camera Techniques commentary

On the videos on my blog each one them use various different shots such as close ups the reason for this is to show character expressions and to set it up we zoom into the face and the upper part of the shoulders. in are short film we used close ups to show fear and to get a glimpse of the characters emotions. here is a shot from my short film you are able to see his eyes and the top of his shoulder.

we used a 180 degree rule this was used to show both of them communicating \and this also makes the scene look more interesting to the viewer. we simple placed the camera at an angle were we could film both of them. below is one of the 180 degree shots that we used to film. this was primarily used to show confrontation between the two characters.   

in are thriller sequence we did not use match on action due to the fact that were we where filming it was too hard to get the shot right so we decided to continue the shot we were able to film. but a match on action is were we make one shot go to the next this created a lot of suspense and it is also chilling depending on the genre of the moving image.

in are short film piece we also decided to use a long shot we could only do a short as we were filming in a confined environment therefore making it a lot harder to film.

 we primarily used close ups purely due to the fact that we wanted to show off a lot of fear in this short thriller sequence. this were the main shots we used in are webisode.

Single Camera Techniques videos

In this shot it shows the uses of match on action and the way they are used in the video they have just used single camera productions they have simply set up one camera to record match on actions this creates an atmosphere of wonder as to were the character has left from this footage it will show you how they used.

in this footage it shows all the ways in which we use lighting when we are filming. as you can see we use light to make the character visible to the camera and we are also using a green screen to light it this way we will be able to edit it behind him to whatever you want. lighting plays a huge part and it is so simple to set up.

in this video it shows us examples of different shot types. these are close ups, match on actions, long shots, mid shots and other shots as well we simply place the camera the camera within the appropriate range and then we film film the shots. there are also shot reverse shots which is two shots but the camera simply switches between the two.  

in this video we are able to see more clearly camera movements instead of shot types we are able to see the 180 rule which shows two of them talking to each other we also see high angle this is to show dominance aand power over someone in other words

Webisode Production SCT

Webisode Production SCT

In filming we use different single camera techniques one of these is framing is the advantages of this is that we are able to create a realistic setting when we organize characters in a certain position it also lets them see what the character fully looks like and what they are wearing. Depth of field is also good as this lets us focus on a specific character. This primarily is to show the emotions of the characters. (Depth of field is when we focus in on a characters emotion and expressions). This also blurs out the background to show that it is irrelevant to the audience. Rule of thirds allow us to get a view on all 3 different characters which are in a scene and this also adds a lot of tension depending on the situation E.g. the Good the Bad and the Ugly the 3 shot showed tension as something bad was going to happen. Composition is also effective this is the placement of lots of different images in different scenes the advantages are it adds background and character effects which show audiences what is going to happen within the next few scenes. Composition can also be used in other things like photos which are also used in films. With these we are able to have more creativity as it shows off character expressions and it also helps us to create various different types of meaning to the audience so that they feel realism off it. We use coverage shots mainly to keep the viewer intrigued about what’s going on. Coverage shots start with a master shot and then develop into coverage shots so it splits to different characters with the area and the advantages of this is you only need to set up one camera for the whole thing. It keeps the audience entertained and happy to continue watching the sequence. The advantages of creating drama and suspense is that the audience viewing it will be entertained and it will also create suspense for them as they will want to know what happened or what is going to happen the drama makes it more impact as it creates tension between the characters. The advantages of being in a small group when filming is that it is easier to create the film instead of there being 20 people it’s more organized. Minimal equipment means less carrying and more footage being shot. Getting accidentally shot depending on the situation is good because it means that it will make your environment look more legit and effective as there are people filming. If you get the perfect lighting you will be able to shoot the entire film in one day and you will only need to edit then. Multiple shots being taken allow for the actors and equipment engineers to learn more about what they are doing and it will also help them. The advantages of beginning with a master shot is that you are able to show off all of the characters in the one scene and this also helps because you are able to show the background as well as the characters. When breaking continuity you can mess up a lot of your work and this might be by making a mistake like staying outside the 180 degree rule. The disadvantages taking multiple shoots is that you may get sent off the premises and you might only have a certain amount of time as you are allowed to be filmed there. If you have too much footage then chances are likely you will have a lot of problems when editing especially when working on the continuity. This may also be very hard to edit as you have to go through the whole sequence to edit and fix continuity errors. When you are planning carefully this is a big disadvantage as you may be organizing stunts this may lead to people getting injured which means if people do it will take a lot longer for your crew to film. As well planning carefully also means you are taking more time to plan instead of film this therefore takes your filming time away from you and you might like I mentioned before will only have a short time to film so this is important. This may also be how many shots that you are planning to film. Which will take even longer to film your pieces.            

Short film Practice Thriller Single Camera Techniques

Short Film Production

Single Camera Techniques

Single Camera Techniques Practical Assignment

Outline the purpose and use of the following SCT to build a sequence

• Rule of 3rds this is to get a clear view of the characters it also makes the atmosphere seem more intense and it gets the audience more entertained in our film sequence we filmed 3 people standing on a hill and looking at the camera.

• 180 deg rule the 180 degree rule is where we film at least two at a 180 degree angle the camera stays on one side and one side only.

• Building a sequence of shots this can be variations of different shots in a scene such as the use of long shots, close ups and mid shots these all have different effects on the viewer such as a long shot would distance the characters like as if something big is about to happen close ups show the tension between the characters.

• Blocking (intimate, distant)

• Framing (Head room, Lead Room)

• Master Shot a master shot is where we film a scene of the characters all in one scene for example the ending of the good the bad and the ugly. where there is a scene were it features all of the characters.

• Lighting (High key, Low key, Single and 3-point) we use specific lighting to show off an atmosphere to the viewer for example the film alien used a very dark atmosphere to make a very horrifying atmosphere.

• Match on Action

• Shot/reverse shot

• Movement (pan, tilt, track, dolly, zoom, contrazoom) there are ranges of different movements tilt is when we tilt the camera to show something else in a scene or if we want to film a character moving. we can also use different zooms.

• Shot types: Close up, long Shot, 2-Shot, Mid shot, over-the-shoulder, point of view)

• Establishing Shot

• Angles (High, Low, Canted) we are able to use many different camera angles as we are able to just set up the camera once to film a short sequence we are also able to tilt the camera at a moving angle to show the character moving.  

• Depth of Field (Shallow Focus, Pull Focus) depth of field is a detailed shot where we can zoom into the character and focus all of the attention on that one character this also blurs out the background to show to us that the background is irrelevant.  

Pre Production Tasks

 Pre Productions i need would be finding firstly a suitable area to create my webisode. I would need to search for an appropriate setting as well. i would also need to be able to use it free of charge. The different scenes would need to suitable as well for example an exam hall as the start of the webisode features there. Props are very important as the webisode I am creating features drugs I would have to create an appropriate Prop so that I can then film the sequence without very little trouble. But clothing is also important. The clothing for the main character is a casual ware. This can be anything. But compared to actual area Footage I would need to pay costs for example filming at a church. There are other things that also require pre-production such as using a studio for voice overs this is incredibly important because it is a huge part of the pre-production roles this means that it would be easier to do voiceovers as then it’s harder to actually film and act. Another thing is script and director which costs money to get a script and a director but it is vital and it’s the most important steps in the pre-production roles. In my pitch I would be able to make my own script free of charge and I would also be able to direct it as well. This saves a lot of money as my work doesn’t need any voice overs. This is also a linear production. As this just follows through beginning middle end but my short film it would also be free of charge as when filming in streets I don’t need to block up any roads it’s a short sequence. Even costume design is free of charge as it really doesn’t matter what people are wearing. The only thing that would be challenging is props as it features drugs it is hard to use it in a film sequence without legitimate clearance. This would be challenging but also It it’s not that bad as in the short film chances are I won’t even need to show drugs as it’s only a short webisode. Deaths in the sequence would cost for blood effects and other things such as knives but as its acted same applies from the same thing before as it is only a short webisode I can just use that for another time. So when it comes to filming professionally most things cost money and are under a budget as this is my first short film production I want to try my best to stay out of the budget range so in my short film I will have to take stuff out such as the use of fake drugs and weapons also certain clothing could be used which would also cost money so my short film would consist of me directing writing a script and finding suitable places to film the webisode. There are also other pre-production roles one is a runner a runner just gets food and coffee for people who are filming and acting. In my film I won’t need a runner in my work as it isn’t necessary as my webisode is also short I won’t need to film too many scenes for my work. So a runner would use up my budget and wouldn’t be necessary when filming my short film production.            

Multi Camera and Single Camera Techniques

Multi cameras and single camera production: when we use multi camera techniques we use them for specific reasons such as chat shows, concerts and other live programmes such as big brother the reason they do this is so they can film one place to the next very quickly without delay but this also has disadvantages as the cameras are not only expensive it needs a camera crew to operate which is even more money so it is important that multi camera techniques are only used for live entertainment. Single camera techniques are also good as when filming TV series, films, serials any kind of genre. This because you only need one camera to film 2 shots, over the shoulder and many other camera shots the only problem is it takes more time filming. It’s also cheaper to use.   

Linear this 3 act structure is just a straight loop through to the beginning, middle and end in the film up with Carl married life it shows the start, middle and then the end. It tells you about the characters relationship with other people and it also engages you to see what will happen.  When we watch a TV series it has a certain format it follows. This format is an episode

which is separated into a story then the next episode 

is a different story. When we watch serials we think they are the same as series but they are different when the episode ends it goes onto the next part of the story for example breaking bad as continues to the next part of the story. Single drama through one film there is a drama as a Jaws. In this film it is a drama as the shark is killing people on Amity island so it a straight story that ends.

A narrative is literally just a story but it follows the plot through beginning, middle and end this is what a narrative is. When we are filming we use different kinds of ways to get different effects one of these would be a single stranded this means a moving image production that is only focusing on one character. This helps us have a stronger bond with the character an example of this would be alien in alien there are different characters which are killed and we are left with the main character Ellen Ripley. But when we are talking about multi stranded that’s a completely different story as it just 

features more than one character. An example of this would be X men in this film series it features a group of mutants with powers which are teamed up to stop villains this is about a team of people there it would be a multi stranded production. We also have realistic settings this is when there is a film that is based on a true story for example open water in this film it is based on a couple that go diving and then get abandoned. This has a very strong effect on the viewer. 

here is a 180 degree rule which is used in single camera production e.g. The Shining.